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? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2001 april, 2001 rev. 7 1 publication order number: cs4121/d cs4121 low voltage precision air-core tach/speedo driver the cs4121 is specifically designed for use with aircore meter movements. the ic provides all the functions necessary for an analog tachometer or speedometer. the cs4121 takes a speed sensor input and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially drive an aircore meter. many enhancements have been added over industry standard tachometer drivers such as the cs289 or lm1819. the output utilizes differential drivers which eliminates the need for a zener reference and offers more torque. the device withstands 60 v transients which decreases the protection circuitry required. the device is also more precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a speedometer. the cs4121 is compatible with the cs8190, and provides higher accuracy at a lower supply voltage (8.0 v min. as opposed to 8.5 v). it is functionally operational to 6.5 v. features ? direct sensor input ? high torque output ? low pointer flutter ? high input impedance ? overvoltage protection ? accurate to 8.0 v functional to 6.5 v (typ) ? internally fused leads in so20 package and dip16 http://onsemi.com device package shipping ordering information cs4121edwf20 so20l 37 units/rail cs4121edwfr20 so20l 1000 tape & reel cs4121enf16 dip16 25 units/rail dip16 nf suffix case 648 16 1 0002sb001 awlyyww bias v cc sin cos sin+ cos+ gnd gnd gnd gnd v reg freq in f/v out sq out cp cp+ pin connections and marking diagram 1 16 so20l dwf suffix case 751d 1 cs4121 awlyyww 20 sin+ cos+ gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd v reg freq in f/v out sq out cp cp+ sin cos bias v cc 1 20 dip16 so20l a = assembly location wl, l = wafer lot yy, y = year ww, w = work week cs4121
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 2 bias cp+ sq out freq in cos+ charge pump voltage regulator sine high voltage protection v reg f/v out cp v reg gnd sine+ figure 1. block diagram - + - + - + - + 7.0 v gnd gnd gnd + - - + func. gen. cos cos output v cc sine output absolute maximum ratings* rating value unit supply voltage, v cc < 100 ms pulse transient continuous 60 24 v v operating temperature (t j ) 40 to +105 c storage temperature 40 to +165 c junction temperature 40 to +150 c esd (human body model) 4.0 kv lead temperature soldering: wave solder (through hole styles only) (note 1.) reflow: (smd styles only) (note 2.) 260 peak 230 peak c c 1. 10 seconds maximum. 2. 60 second maximum above 183 c. *the maximum package power dissipation must be observed.
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (40 c t a 85 c, 8.0 v v cc 16 v, unless otherwise specified.) characteristic test conditions min typ max unit supply voltage section i cc supply current v cc = 16 v, 40 c, no load 50 125 ma v cc normal operation range 8.0 13.1 16 v input comparator section positive input threshold 1.0 2.0 3.0 v input hysteresis 200 500 mv input bias current (note 3.) 0 v v in 8.0 v 10 80 m a input frequency range 0 20 khz input voltage range in series with 1.0 k w 1.0 v cc v output v sat i cc = 10 ma 0 0.15 0.40 v output leakage v cc = 7.0 v 10 m a logic 0 input voltage 1.0 v voltage regulator section output voltage 6.25 7.00 7.50 v output load current 10 ma output load regulation 0 to 10 ma 10 50 mv output line regulation 8.0 v v cc 16 v 20 150 mv power supply rejection v cc = 13.1 v, 1.0 v p/p 1.0 khz 34 46 db charge pump section inverting input voltage 1.5 2.0 2.5 v input bias current 40 150 na v bias input voltage 1.5 2.0 2.5 v non invert. input voltage i in = 1.0 ma 0.7 1.1 v linearity (note 4.) @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350 hz 0.10 0.28 +0.70 % f/v out gain @ 350 hz, c cp = 0.0033 m f, r t = 243 k w 7.0 10 13 mv/hz norton gain, positive i in = 15 m a 0.9 1.0 1.1 i/i norton gain, negative i in = 15 m a 0.9 1.0 1.1 i/i function generator section: 40 c t a 85 c, v cc = 13.1 v unless otherwise noted. differential drive voltage (v cos+ v cos ) 8.0 v v cc 16 v q = 0 5.5 6.5 7.5 v differential drive voltage (v sin+ v sin ) 8.0 v v cc 16 v q = 90 5.5 6.5 7.5 v differential drive voltage (v cos+ v cos ) 8.0 v v cc 16 v q = 180 7.5 6.5 5.5 v differential drive voltage (v sin+ v sin ) 8.0 v v cc 16 v q = 270 7.5 6.5 5.5 v 3. input is clamped by an internal 12 v zener. 4. applies to % of full scale (270 ).
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 4 electrical characteristics (continued) (40 c t a 85 c, 8.0 v v cc 16 v, unless otherwise specified.) characteristic unit max typ min test conditions function generator section: 40 c t a 85 c, v cc = 13.1 v unless otherwise noted. (continued) differential drive current 8.0 v v cc 16 v, t a = 25 c 33 42 ma zero hertz output angle 1.5 0 1.5 deg function generator error (note 5.) reference figures 2, 3, 4, 5 v cc = 13.1 v, t a = 25 c q = 0 to 305 2.0 0 +2.0 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 16 v, t a = 25 c 2.5 0 +2.5 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 11 v, t a = 25 c 1.0 0 +1.0 deg function generator error 13.1 v v cc 8.0 v, t a = 25 c 3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator error 25 c t a 85 c 3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator error 25 c t a 105 c 5.5 0 +5.5 deg function generator error 40 c t a 25 c 3.0 0 +3.0 deg function generator gain q vs f/v out , t a = 25 c 60 77 95 /v 5. deviation from nominal per table 1 after calibration at 0 and 270 . pin function description package pin # dip16 so20l pin symbol function 1 1 cp+ positive input to charge pump. 2 2 sq out buffered square wave output signal. 3 3 freq in speed or rpm input signal. 4, 5, 12, 13 47, 1417 gnd ground connections. 6 8 cos+ positive cosine output signal. 7 9 cos negative cosine output signal. 8 10 v cc ignition or battery supply voltage. 9 11 bias test point or zero adjustment. 10 12 sin negative sine output signal. 11 13 sin+ positive sine output signal. 14 18 v reg voltage regulator output. 15 19 f/v out output voltage proportional to input signal frequency. 16 20 cp negative input to charge pump.
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 5 typical performance characteristics figure 2. function generator output voltage vs. degrees of deflection figure 3. charge pump output voltage vs. output angle 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 f/v output (v) frequency/output angle ( ) output voltage (v) degrees of deflection ( ) deviation ( ) theoretical angle ( ) 7.0 v 7.0 v 7.0 v 7.0 v q angle (v cos+ ) (v cos ) (v sine+ ) (v sine ) arctan v sin v sin v cos v cos figure 4. output angle in polar form figure 5. nominal output deviation 0 45 90 135 180 270 315 225 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 cos sin figure 6. nominal angle vs. ideal angle (after calibrating at 180 ) nominal angle (degrees) ideal angle (degrees) 0 5 10 20 25 30 35 40 15 45 0591317 33 41 29 21 25 37 45 ideal degrees nominal degrees f v out 2.0 v 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v)
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 6 table 1. function generator output nominal angle vs. ideal angle (after calibrating at 270 ) ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees ideal degrees nominal degrees 0 0 17 17.98 34 33.04 75 74.00 160 159.14 245 244.63 1 1.09 18 18.96 35 34.00 80 79.16 165 164.00 250 249.14 2 2.19 19 19.92 36 35.00 85 84.53 170 169.16 255 254.00 3 3.29 20 20.86 37 36.04 90 90.00 175 174.33 260 259.16 4 4.38 21 21.79 38 37.11 95 95.47 180 180.00 265 264.53 5 5.47 22 22.71 39 38.21 100 100.84 185 185.47 270 270.00 6 6.56 23 23.61 40 39.32 105 106.00 190 190.84 275 275.47 7 7.64 24 24.50 41 40.45 110 110.86 195 196.00 280 280.84 8 8.72 25 25.37 42 41.59 115 115.37 200 200.86 285 286.00 9 9.78 26 26.23 43 42.73 120 119.56 205 205.37 290 290.86 10 10.84 27 27.07 44 43.88 125 124.00 210 209.56 295 295.37 11 11.90 28 27.79 45 45.00 130 129.32 215 214.00 300 299.21 12 12.94 29 28.73 50 50.68 135 135.00 220 219.32 305 303.02 13 13.97 30 29.56 55 56.00 140 140.68 225 225.00 14 14.99 31 30.39 60 60.44 145 146.00 230 230.58 15 16.00 32 31.24 65 64.63 150 150.44 235 236.00 16 17.00 33 32.12 70 69.14 155 154.63 240 240.44 note: temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included.
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 7 circuit description and application notes the cs4121 is specifically designed for use with aircore meter movements. it includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the meter coils. from the partial schematic of figure 7, the input signal is applied to the freq in lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 2.0 v and typical hysteresis of 0.5 v. the output of the comparator, sq out , is applied to the charge pump input cp+ through an external capacitor c cp . when the input signal changes state, c cp is charged or discharged through r3 and r4. the charge accumulated on c cp is mirrored to c4 by the norton amplifier circuit comprising of q1, q2 and q3. the charge pump o utput voltage, f/v out , ranges from 2.0 v to 6.3 v depending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the formula: f v out 2.0 v 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v) r t is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the f/v output stage and give the correct meter deflection. the f/v output voltage is applied to the function generator which generates the sine and cosine output voltages. the output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the onchip amplifier and function generator circuitry. the various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0 , 90 , 180 , 270 ) are determined by an internal resistor divider and the bandgap voltage reference. the coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305 range of meter deflection. driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. the key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. the output angle, q , is equal to the f/v gain multiplied by the function generator gain: a f v a fg , where: a fg 77 v(typ) the relationship between input frequency and output angle is: a fg 2.0 freq c cp r t (v reg 0.7 v) or, 970 freq c cp r t the ripple voltage at the f/v converter's output is determined by the ratio of c cp and c4 in the formula: v c cp (v reg 0.7 v) c4 ripple voltage on the f/v output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. the response time of the f/v is determined by the time constant formed by r t and c4. increasing the value of c4 will reduce the ripple on the f/v output but will also increase the response time. an increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. design example maximum meter deflection = 270 maximum input frequency = 350 hz 1. select r t and c cp 970 freq c cp r t 270 let c t = 0.0033 m f, find r t r t 270 970 350 hz 0.0033 f r t 243 k r t should be a 250 k w potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to ic tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. 2. select r3 and r4 resistor r3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. the maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 10 ma. r3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. choose r3 = 3.3 k w the charge current for c cp is v reg 0.7 v 3.3 k 1.90 ma c cp must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85 ms. to ensure that c cp is charged, assume that the (r3 + r4) c cp time constant is less than 10% of the minimum input period. t 10% 1 350 hz 285 s choose r4 = 1.0 k w . discharge time: t dchg = r3 c cp = 3.3 k w 0.0033 m f = 10.9 m s charge time: t chg = (r3 + r4)c cp = 4.3 k w . 0.0033 m f = 14.2 m s 3. determine c4 c4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. c4 c cp (v reg 0.7 v) v max with c4 = 0.47 m f, the f/v ripple voltage is 44 mv.
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 8 figure 7. partial schematic of input and charge pump v reg freq in sq out r3 2.0 v q square c cp r4 v c (t) cp+ q1 q2 q3 0.25 v 2.0 v cp r t c4 f/v out f to v + + + figure 8. timing diagram of freq in and i cp v reg freq in sq out 0 i cp+ t chg t v cp+ 0 0 v cc t dchg 600 mv 0.3 v
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 9 r3 r4 r2 c3 c1 d2 r1 d1 gnd cosine sine c4 c cp r t + speedo input battery air core gauge 200 w cp+ cp sq out f/v out v reg gnd gnd sine+ sine bias freq in gnd gnd cos+ cos v cc 1 speedometer cs4121 trim resistor 20 ppm/ c 243 k w 0.1 m f 1.0 a 600 piv figure 9. speedometer or tachometer application 3.9, 500 mw 10 k w 3.0 k w 1.0 k w 0.0033 m f 0.47 m f 0.1 m f 50 v, 500 mw zener 30 ppm/ c notes: 1. for 58% speed input t max 5.0/f max where t max = c cp (r3 + r4) f max = maximum speed input frequency 2. the product of c4 and r t have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. c cp range; 20 pf to 0.2 m f. 4. r t range; 100 k w to 500 k w . 5. the ic must be protected from transients above 60 v and reverse battery conditions. 6. additional filtering on freq in lead may be required. 7. gauge coil connections to the ic must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability.
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 10 1 1 r3 r4 r2 c3 c1 d2 r1 d1 gnd cosine sine c4 c cp r t + speedo input battery air core gauge 200 w cp+ cp sq out f/v out v reg gnd gnd sine+ sine bias freq in gnd gnd cos+ cos v cc speedometer cs4121 cs8441 c2 odometer air core stepper motor 200 w trim resistor 20 ppm/ c 243 k w 0.1 m f 1.0 a 600 piv 3.9, 500 mw 10 k w 3.0 k w 1.0 k w 0.0033 m f 0.47 m f 0.1 m f 50 v, 500 mw zener figure 10. speedometer with odometer or tachometer application notes: 1. the product of c4 and r t have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 2. c cp range; 20 pf to 0.2 m f. 3. r t range; 100 k w to 500 k w . 4. the ic must be protected from transients above 60 v and reverse battery conditions. 5. additional filtering on freq in lead may be required. 6. gauge coil connections to the ic must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. 30 ppm/ c
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 11 package dimensions dip16 nf suffix case 64808 issue r so20l dwf suffix case 751d05 issue f notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of leads when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. 5. rounded corners optional. a b f c s h g d j l m 16 pl seating 18 9 16 k plane t m a m 0.25 (0.010) t dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55 b 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85 c 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44 d 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53 f 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77 g 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc h 0.050 bsc 1.27 bsc j 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38 k 0.110 0.130 2.80 3.30 l 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74 m 0 10 0 10 s 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01 20 1 11 10 b 20x h 10x c l 18x a1 a seating plane h x 45 e d m 0.25 m b m 0.25 s a s b t e t b a notes: 1. dimensions are in millimeters. 2. interpret dimensions and tolerances per asme y14.5m, 1994. 3. dimensions d and e do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 per side. 5. dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. allowable protrusion shall be 0.13 total in excess of b dimension at maximum material condition. dim min max millimeters a 2.35 2.65 a1 0.10 0.25 b 0.35 0.49 c 0.23 0.32 d 12.65 12.95 e 7.40 7.60 e 1.27 bsc h 10.05 10.55 h 0.25 0.75 l 0.50 0.90 0 7 package thermal data parameter dip16 so20l unit r q jc typical 15 9 c/w r q ja typical 50 55 c/w
cs4121 http://onsemi.com 12 on semiconductor and are trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. atypicalo parameters which may be provided in scill c data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including atypicalso must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body , or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthori zed use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. publication ordering information central/south america: spanish phone : 3033087143 (monfri 8:00am to 5:00pm mst) email : onlitspanish@hibbertco.com tollfree from mexico: dial 018002882872 for access then dial 8662979322 asia/pacific : ldc for on semiconductor asia support phone : 13036752121 (tuefri 9:00am to 1:00pm, hong kong time) toll free from hong kong & singapore: 00180044223781 email : onlitasia@hibbertco.com japan : on semiconductor, japan customer focus center 4321 nishigotanda, shinagawaku, tokyo, japan 1410031 phone : 81357402700 email : r14525@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : http://onsemi.com for additional information, please contact your local sales representative. cs4121/d north america literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 5163, denver, colorado 80217 usa phone : 3036752175 or 8003443860 toll free usa/canada fax : 3036752176 or 8003443867 toll free usa/canada email : onlit@hibbertco.com fax response line: 3036752167 or 8003443810 toll free usa/canada n. american technical support : 8002829855 toll free usa/canada europe: ldc for on semiconductor european support german phone : (+1) 3033087140 (monfri 2:30pm to 7:00pm cet) email : onlitgerman@hibbertco.com french phone : (+1) 3033087141 (monfri 2:00pm to 7:00pm cet) email : onlitfrench@hibbertco.com english phone : (+1) 3033087142 (monfri 12:00pm to 5:00pm gmt) email : onlit@hibbertco.com european tollfree access*: 0080044223781 *available from germany, france, italy, uk, ireland

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